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The Tangshan earthquake, also known as the Great Tangshan earthquake,〔Zschau, Jochen. Küppers, Andreas N. () (2003). Early Warning Systems for Natural Disaster Reduction. ISBN 3-540-67962-6〕 was a natural disaster that occurred on July 27, 1976. It is believed to be the largest earthquake of the 20th century by death toll.〔Spignesi, Stephen J. () (2005). Catastrophe!: The 100 Greatest Disasters of All Time. ISBN 0-8065-2558-4〕 The epicenter of the earthquake was near Tangshan in Hebei, People's Republic of China, an industrial city with approximately one million inhabitants. The number of deaths initially reported by the Chinese government was 655,000, but this number has since been stated to be around 240,000 to 255,000.〔 Another report indicates that the actual death toll was much higher, at approximately 650,000, and explains that the lower estimates are limited to Tangshan and exclude fatalities in the densely populated surrounding areas.〔Palmer p. 236〕 A further 164,000 people were recorded as being severely injured.〔Stoltman, Joseph P. Lidstone, John. Dechano, M. Lisa. () (2004). International Perspectives On Natural Disasters. Springer publishing. ISBN 1-4020-2850-4〕 The earthquake occurred between a series of political events involving the Communist Party of China, ultimately leading to the expulsion of the ruling Gang of Four by Mao's chosen successor, Hua Guofeng. In traditional Chinese thought, natural disasters are seen as a precursor of dynastic change.〔http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs4/Pelling-Disasters-1.pdf〕 The earthquake hit in the early morning and lasted 14 to 16 seconds.〔Roza, Greg. () (2007). Earthquake: True Stories of Survival. The Rosen Publishing. ISBN 1-4042-0997-2〕 Chinese government official sources state a magnitude of 7.8 on the Richter magnitude scale,〔 though some sources listed it as high as 8.2. It was followed by a major 7.1 magnitude aftershock some 16 hours later, increasing the death toll to over 255,000. The earthquake was generated by the 25-mile-long Tangshan Fault, which runs near the city and ruptured due to tectonic forces caused by the Amurian Plate sliding past the Eurasian Plate. ==Early warnings and predictions== Well water in a village outside of Tangshan reportedly rose and fell three times the day before the earthquake. Gas began to spout out of a well in another village on July 12 and then increased on July 25 and July 26. City dwellers from the "downtown" area who had fish discovered that the fish were restless, jumping out of the aquarium as if wanting to escape, therefore some animals may have anticipated the earthquake.〔Rosenberg, Jennifer. ("Tangshan: The Deadliest Earthquake". ) ''About.com''. Accessed 2009-09-30. (Archived ) 2009-10-02.〕 More than half a month before the earthquake struck, Wang Chengmin (汪成民) of the State Seismological Bureau (SSB) Analysis and Prediction Department had already concluded that the Tangshan region would be struck by a significant earthquake between July 22, 1976 and August 5, 1976.〔 Abnormal signals were mentioned for Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan, Bohai and Zhangjiakou regions. Wang made an effort to publicize the information to 60 people. One of the people listening in Qinglong was official Wang Chunqing (王春青).〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1976 Tangshan earthquake」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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